In March of 2016, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) published the E-waste (Management) Rules. The rules defined clear liabilities for producers, importers, and manufacturers of electrical and electronic equipment in India. Under the framework required by these rules- Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)- the onus to collect and channelize e-waste generated from end-of-life products lays with the producer. Any company under the purview of these rules had to obtain relevant authorisations to continue operations in India.